STIs
STIs refer to Sexually Transmitted Infections; it is also popularly called Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). These include a group of infections that are mainly transmitted between sexual partners. Various sexual activities like anal sex, vaginal intercourse and even oral sex can transmit STIs. It is also quite possible for STIs to be transmitted through non sexual means like via IV drug needles, through childbirth or breastfeeding.
The common examples of STIs today include: chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, HIV/AIDS, genital warts, and so on. These infections have a higher probability of being transmitted through sex than through non sexual means due to the fragile nature of the mucus membrane of the penis, vagina, rectum, and the mouth that permits the passage of pathogens into the body easily. In general, all sexual activities that involve contact with bodily fluid of another person are considered a high risk for transmission of STIs. Other sexual behaviors like fingering, sex toys and cutting present considerable risk of infection.
According to recent stats, about 10,000 teens are infected by STIs per day. 19 million new STIs occur every year with about half of that being among the ages of 15 to 24. Chlamydia is one of the most common STIs worldwide. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimated there to be 2.8 million new infections of chlamydia annually. 1 in 6 Americans have genital herpes ranging from ages 14-49.
STIs can remain asymptomatic in a carrier for a long time, increasing the risk of transmission to others. Early detection and treatment results in less of a chance of spreading the disease and more of a chance of improving the outcome of treatment. Regular screening tests ensure early identification and reduce the risk of developing a disease. You are at high risk of contracting STIs if you:
- have multiple partners
- practice unsafe sex
- share IV needles
Prevention of STIs is possible through the use of condom for any form of sexual activity including oral sex. Certain viral STIs like Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and some forms of HPV can be prevented by vaccination. Nonetheless, abstinence is the surest form of prevention against STIs.
Resources:
Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: Incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004 Jan–Feb;36(1):6-10.
Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines 2010. MMWR 20106;59(No. RR-12).
http://www.cfoc.org/index.php/teen-guide/whats-the-411-about-sex/teens-and-stds/
http://www.cdc.gov/std/Chlamydia/STDFact-Chlamydia.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/std/Herpes/STDFact-Herpes.htm